The development history of electronic components is actually a condensed history of electronic development.Electronic technology is an emerging technology that began to develop in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.It developed most rapidly and was widely used in the 20th century,becoming an important symbol of modern scientific and technological development.

　　In 1906,American inventor DeForest Lee invented the vacuum transistor(electron tube).The first generation of electronic products was centered around electronic tubes.In the late 1940s,the world's first semiconductor transistor was born,which was quickly applied by various countries due to its small size,lightweight,energy-saving,and long lifespan,replacing electronic tubes on a large scale.In the late 1950s,the world's first integrated circuit appeared,which integrated many transistors and other electronic components on a silicon chip,leading to the development of electronic products towards miniaturization.Integrated circuits have rapidly developed from small-scale integrated circuits to large-scale integrated circuits and ultra large scale integrated circuits,leading electronic products towards high efficiency,low energy consumption,high precision,high stability,and intelligence.Due to the fact that the four stages of electronic computer development can fully illustrate the characteristics of the four stages of electronic technology development,the following will explain the characteristics of the four stages of electronic technology development from the four eras of electronic computer development.

　　The electronic component industry that emerged and rapidly developed in the 20th century has brought about earth shaking changes in the world and people's work and living habits.The development history of electronic components is actually the development history of the electronics industry.

　　In 1906,American DeForrest invented the vacuum triode to amplify the sound current of the telephone.Afterwards,people strongly hoped for the birth of a solid-state device that could be used as a lightweight,inexpensive,and long-lasting amplifier and electronic switch.In 1947,the birth of point contact germanium transistors opened a new page in the history of electronic device development.However,this type of point contact transistor has the fatal weakness of unstable contact points in its construction.At the same time as the successful development of point contact transistors,the theory of junction transistors had already been proposed.However,it was not until people were able to prepare ultra-high purity single crystals and control the conductivity type of crystals arbitrarily that junction crystal tubes truly emerged.In 1950,the earliest germanium alloy transistor with practical value was born.In 1954,the junction silicon transistor was born.Subsequently,the concept of field-effect transistors was proposed.With the emergence and development of material technologies such as defect free crystallization and defect control,crystal growth technology and diffusion doping technology,preparation technology of pressure resistant oxide films,corrosion and lithography technology,various high-performance electronic devices have emerged one after another.Electronic components have gradually entered the era of transistors and large-scale,ultra large scale integrated circuits from the vacuum tube era.Gradually forming the semiconductor industry as a representative of high-tech industries.

　　Due to the needs of social development,electronic devices have become increasingly complex,which requires them to have characteristics such as reliability,fast speed,low power consumption,light weight,miniaturization,and low cost.Since the concept of integrated circuits was proposed in the 1950s,the first generation of integrated circuits was successfully developed in the 1960s due to advances in material technology,device technology,and circuit design.In the history of semiconductor development.The emergence of integrated circuits has epoch-making significance:its birth and development have promoted the progress of copper core technology and computers,bringing about historic changes in various fields of scientific research and the structure of industrial society.The invention of integrated circuits through superior scientific and technological advancements has provided researchers with more advanced tools,leading to the emergence of many more advanced technologies.These advanced technologies further promote the emergence of higher performance and cheaper integrated circuits.For electronic devices,the smaller the volume,the higher the integration level;The shorter the response time,the faster the calculation processing speed;The higher the transmission frequency,the greater the amount of information transmitted.The semiconductor industry and semiconductor technology are known as the foundation of modern industry,and have also developed into a relatively independent high-tech industry.

　　Information source:Baidu Baike